Gaseous irritants and warfare agents that pose a significant threat to humans exert toxic effects on the respiratory pathways, cause oxygen deprivation, and remain a persistent danger despite international bans under the Geneva Protocol, particularly due to potential terrorist use and advances in production technologies. Toxicological data for many of these compounds are often inconsistent and largely derived from animal testing, which raises ethical concerns and offers limited applicability to humans. Improved risk assessment of known compounds could be achieved through studies on organ toxicity and long-term exposure to airborne substances that target the respiratory system. Such studies would enhance protection not only for military personnel but also for first responders and civilians. Furthermore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of known compounds could facilitate the identification of previously unknown substances by analyzing cellular changes at the organ level. As part of the RespiRATE 1.0 project, a biosensor platform is being developed to investigate the uptake and distribution of toxins at human cellular barriers. Using cells from the respiratory tract (e.g., oral mucosa, nasal, and lung barriers), the toxicology of airborne chemicals specifically targeting the respiratory system will be analyzed. The goal is to create an innovative human biosensor capable of also addressing secondary cardiovascular toxicities.