Waterlogged conditions preserve various organic remains and provide important information. More than 40 pile-dwelling sites are documented from the 5h to the 2nd millennium cal. BC at the Ljubljansko barje, Stare gmajne is one of the most important sites in the Late Neolithic. Excavations are important to rescue the cultural heritage of one of the most important pile-dwelling sites, which is threatened by destruction due to agricultural activities. Archaeobotanical finds presented the oldest wooden wheel with an axle, other wooden artefacts, crucibles and exceptionally refined fibers of yarn besides high concentrations of plant, fish-, bird- and mammalian and other organic remains. Sixteen very well preserved unburnt feces are in focus of this project. Feces are archives offering data about diet and nutrition, health, seasonality and the environment. The study aims to bridge a gap in coprolite examinations as unburnt and exceptionally well preserved dog or human coprolites are rarely preserved. The contents will be studied in a multidisciplinary approach investigating genetics, biomarkers, palynological, palaeoparasitological, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological features. Pollen analyzes will provide environmental- and seasonal information. Plant- and animal remains provide direct information about the paleodiet and in combination with paleoparasitological results the origin human or canine will be indicated. The hypothesis is that dog feces consist mainly of a bony structure including frequent fish head bones, while human excrements shall content mainly crop remains. In addition presenting insight into the nutritional and dietary habits, this multidisciplinary research will lead to innovative and scientific usable standards for the discrimination of human and canine coprolites. The Slovenian Inst. of Archaeology ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, will mainly cover the archaeobotanical and palynological fields with T. Tolar. The gastrointestinal palaeoparasitological investigations will be carried out at the Chrono-Environment Laboratory in Besançon, France with M. Bailon. mtDNA extraction and radiocarbon dating will be performed on the six best-preserved coprolites by partners at the University of Primorska, Slovenia and Poznan or Beta Analytic radiocarbon laboratories. The Austrian Archaeological Inst. is responsible for the identification and recording of amphibian, reptile and fish bones, with a special focus on macro-remains out of the coprolites. Analyses of the fecal biomarker will be conducted at the Inst. of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology by E. Rosenberg. After special treatment the extracted lipids will be analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantities and ratios of apolar and polar lipids will reveal information about the feces origin. Aliphatic lipids, steroids and terpenoids stanols indicate a mainly vegetarian diet, while others like ketones indicate products of catabolic metabolism.