Fundamental knowledge on biological molecules and metabolic processes

STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of BIOMOLECULES: Cellular organization & composition; Proteins: amino acids, polypeptides, conformation (peptide-bond; helix, ß-sheet, stabilizing forces, oligomers), fibrillar proteins (hair, silk, collagen), globular proteins (solubility, sedimentation, dialysis, chromatography, electrophoresis, affinity, alloster.), immunoglobulins, hämoglobulin. Enzymes: Biocatalysis, classification, activity, kinetics, inhibition, coenzymes (NAD, FAD, Cyt., Ferredoxins, TPP, CoA, PAL, FH4, Biotin), applications. Lipids: classes, membrane structure, transport mechanisms. Nucleic acids: nucleotides, polynucleotides; DNA (conformation, properties, genome size, replication (PCR), genetic code, mutation (mutagenes), recombination (gene cloning), virusis. Carbohydrates: mono-, oligo-, polysaccharides. METABOLISM: Principles (energetics, coupled reactions, ATP, metabolic pathways, catabolism/anabolism) Catabolism: Glycolysis, fermentation, glycogen metabolism; Oxidative degradation (mitochondrion, oxidative decarboxylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, carrier systems); ß-oxidation, ketone body formation; Proteolysis; ammonia formation, urea cycle, uric acid formation. Photosynthesis: Chloroplast; Light reaction (components of photosystems, electronic excitation, electron transport); Dark reaction (Rubisco, Hatch-Slack pathway, Calvin cycle). Anabolism: Principles; pentose-phosphate cycle, anapleurosis. Gluconeogenesis, Synthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids; Nitrogenase reaction; Amino acid biosynthesis; Nucleotide biosynthesis. Protein Biosynthesis: Transcription (m-RNA, operon, RNA-polymerase; control - induction/repression); Modification; Translation (ribosome, t-RNA, mechanism of protein biosynthesis).

The power-point presentations of the lecture can be downloaded  from TISS. Literature recommendations are included. ATTENTION: they are not a script of the lecture, they merely serve the purpose to relief the student from drawing the shown slides. It is recommended to make records of the lecturers explanations.

Basic knowledge in chemistry, particularly on organic chemistry (natural components)