High resolution imaging techniques (physical concepts, instrumentation, analytical characteristics and applications): REM/Electron beam microprobe and scanning probe microscopy. Mass spectrometry (basic concepts and vacuum generation, instrumental set-ups, gas phase ionisation and solid/liquid phase desorption/ionisation of organic and inorganic compounds, type of analyzer, multistage analyzer, detectors, terminology in MS (resolution, TIC etc.), information content (molecular ions, isotope pattern, fragment ion etc.), Fragmentation mechanisms and basic rules of electron impact fragmentation of molecules for structure elucidation; standard on-line coupling techniques (GC/MS and LC/MS). Biochemical assays: principles of enzyme assays and immuno-based techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (basic concepts: theoretical background, deduction of resonance condition, discussion of various NMR-active isotopes and their sensitivity etc., instrumentation (FT/CW techniques), sample preparation and interference signals, shielding/de-shielding, chemical shift, J-coupling, dynamic effects, spin systems, increment systems, simple puls techniques, introduction into interpretation of NMR spectra for structure elucidation).